APPLICATION OF X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION METHODS FOR THE
FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS PZT-TYPE STUDIES
J.Dudek, Z.Surowiak
Institute of Engineering Problems, University of Silesia,
2 Sniexna St., Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland
M.Kupriyanov
Faculty of Physics, Rostov-on-Don, State University,
5, Zorge St., Rostov-on-Don, 3444104, Russian
Federation
Structural information is necessary for the characterization of materials
at every stage of their preparation as crystals, powders,
ceramics and thin films. Up to the present however, those methods of
characterization of ferroelectric materials are not used effectively.
In the present work the basic
results of the complex studies of ferroelectric ceramic materials
prepared on the basis of the PZT-type solid solutions including compounds
from the morphotropic phase regions (MPR) are
presented. The X-ray powder diffraction methods have been
applied to:
- study the kinetics of ferroelectric phase structure formation
during the solid phase synthesis;
- determine dimensions of the crystallites and parameters of
their inhomogeneity;
- study symmetry of the crystal phases, the lattice parameters
etc.;
- determine the kinetic parameters of ceramic sintering at varied temperatures and pressures;
- study structural transformations during polarization of ferroelectric ceramics;
- determine the values of non-homogeneous microdeformations (the
relative changes in the interplane distances ($\delta$)d/d
inside the crystallites).
Certain of these problems will be studied in detail in this
paper.