The detection of surface stress in materials is becoming increasingly important in rolling and annealing steels. It is well known that x-ray diffraction is one of the most powerful means for investigating the microscopic structure of crystalline materials. X-ray diffraction is advantageous when it is applied to metallic materials; it responds very sensitively to changes in the metal's crystalline structure.
Authors used x-ray diffraction tensometric method to determine the full three-dimensional stress tensor with principal and shear stresses. The residual stress after cold rolling and continuous annealing produced by surface was different on upside and downside sheet. Used samples after cold rolling were textured with deformation texture characterized by$\alpha$ and $\gamma$ fibres. The x-ray diffraction stress measurement textured materials are sensitive enough to tilt the sample in both a positive and negative directions. The residual lattice strain is not linearly related to $\sin^{2}\psi$. Continuous annealing obtained recrystallization texture. The compressive stress observed after cold rolling significantly decreased.
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