Structural characterization of a novel type of reactive site for inhibition of serine proteases

Jaroslav Srp1,2, Petr Pachl1,3, Zdeněk Kukačka4 , Jiří Brynda1,3, Manasi Mishra1,5, Martin Horn1, Petr Novák2,4, Michael Mareš1

1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic

2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

3Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic

4Institute of Microbiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic

5DST-INSPIRE Faculty Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University, NH 91, Dadri Gautam Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh, India

 

Protease inhibitors from the Kunitz family are widely distributed in plant kingdom. They share a conserved b-trefoil fold in which variable loops are involved in interactions with proteases. The majority of the Kunitz inhibitors are targeting serine proteases using canonical (Laskowski) mechanism based on a single binding loop with conserved structure. Here, we present high-resolution crystal structures of two potato Kunitz inhibitors in complexes with the serine protease trypsin. We identified a new, non-canonical type of a reactive center on these inhibitors that is formed by two loops. Furthermore, we employed cross-linking mass spectrometry approach to demonstrate that the non-canonical reactive site interacts also with chymotrypsin.