FPL 012 - Structure of matter and diffraction of radiation

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David Rafaja and Bohumil Smola

Basic course for pre-graduated students, mainly for the students of the solid state physics. The lectures cover the fundamentals of kinematic and dynamic diffraction theory, fundamentals of crystallography and basic principles of the X-ray structure analysis and its most frequent applications. A special attention is paid to the physical principles of interaction of radiation with matter and to the relationship between the structure of matter and its physical properties. The second part of the course is devoted to the transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction.

The following topics are discussed: Thomson and Compton scattering, atomic scattering factor, structure factor, Bragg equation, atomic displacement and vibrations, crystal lattices, reciprocal space and reciprocal lattices, Friedel's law, Laue classes, space groups, symmetry operations and Laue conditions for diffraction. The applications illustrate the orientation of crystals, qualitative and quantitative phase analysis, measurement of lattice parameters and the basic methods of structure solution (Patterson function, heavy atom method and isomorphic substitution). It is recommended to combine this lecture with the exercises FPL035.