MINERALS IN HUMAN KIDNEYS

Sergey Kadurin

Dept Physical and Marine Geology, Odessa State University, 2, Shampanskij per, Odessa, 270058,Ukraine.

Human and surrounding his environment are closely interconnected. The nature influences per capita, and the person influences a nature. Therefore breaking chemical balance in a nature the person breaks it in self.

One of the important exchange mechanisms of the person and nature is a water exchange. The kidneys are the original filter of human organism and directly connected to a water exchange. All infringements of this exchange are reflected in a condition of kidneys. Formation stones in them is one of reactions to changes of an environment.

Now in many regions of Ukraine this very widespread disease and Odessa region not exception. The group of the scientists of Odessa State university together with the doctors of urban hospitals tries to find the answers to questions on occurrence and growth of stones in kidneys of the persons. If we shall know rules and principles of growth of these stones, we can define how to stop their growth or to force them to be dissolved. That is to answer a question: how to get rid of a stone without operation?

At the help of X-Ray diffraction method of research prevailing mineral phases were established. It ocsalates (whewellite Ca [C₂O₄ ]*H₂O; weddellite Ca[C₂O₄]*2H₂O; oksammite (NH₄)₂C₂O₄*H₂O), phosphates (struvite NH₄MgPO₄*6H₂O; apatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH,Cl,F)) and urates (uricite C₄(NH)₂O₂C(NH)₂O). There are ocsalates the most widespread on territory of Odessa region, they make about 60 % of all specimens, phosphates and urates are widespread less and it is about 20 % on each mineral kind.

Study morphology and anatomy of stones has shown, that it is complex formations by the size from 2 - 3 up to 40 mms. They strongly differ on appearance. An example: ocsalates can form smooth dense tumours consisting from whewellite or disorder accretions of weddellite crystals. When at one speciment whewellite and weddellite presents together, such stones in centre are whewellite generated, and on a surface are covered by fine crystals of weddellite. Weddellite forms crystals of tetragonal singony. They are very plain on an axis L₄ and represent dipyramid with number of a side [113]. Phosphates forms stones similar to corals. Urates frequently forms sand, the stones from urates represent accretion of a many kind small grains.

The stones of all kinds have a complex internal structure. It is possible to allocate a central part in them - a nucleus. In ocsalates in centre of a nucleus frequently meets phosphate. General mass of a stone consists of layers of mineral substance or thin accreted with each other crystals located on radius of stone. Frequently it is possible to observe traces partial dissolved and stop in growth. In some specimens in centre of a stone locate one mineral, and then he is covered by a layer other mineral. Almost all stones contain an impurity of organic substance which requires separate study. In ocsalates the external part of a stone is frequently generated of accretes of weddellite crystals. They place by an axis L₂ in parallel and axis L₄ perpendicularly to radius of a stone.

The basic question requiring decision: how growth of stones begins? Answer on that question is necessary to search in a geochemical conditions of region, namely in elements - impurity. Researches have shown, that in Odessa region forms a zone with the increased contents in water Sr, Cr, Pb. Determination of elements - impurity in stones has shown, that Cr, Fe, Zn collect in ocsalates, and Sr, Rb, I, Pb in phosphates.

Now we can say that the stones forms not in one step, and it is very important - stones can be dissolved. Stones in human kidneys is a big problem but it is not a first problem for geologists and mineralogists. The first question is: what parts or kinds of surrounding environment make a possible to growing a stones?