I. Foundations

Quantum mechanical description of atoms
Schrodinger and Dirac equation, wave functions, boundary conditions, density matrix,
Liouville equation

Many particle systems
Symmetry of wave function, Pauli principle, second quantization, bosons, fermions

Electronic states in atom and condensed matterDiscrete and continuous spectra. Density of states. One electron approximation. Quasiparticles. Methods of solving the Schroedinger
equations. Variational principle.

Interaction of quantum systems with electromagnetic radiation
Photon absorption and emission. Stimulated and spontaneous emission. Einstein coefficients. Fermi golden rule. Selection rules, natural linewidth.

Classical and quantum statistical ensembles
Criteria of their application. Statistical quantities. Chemical potential.

Thermodynamical quantities
Extensive. Intensive. Thermodynamical potentials. State variables.

Ideal, classical, and quantum gases
Occupation numbers, limit cases: Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac distribution.

Fermions and bosons at low temperatures
Pauli paramagnetism, Bose-Einstein condensation.

Phase transitions
1st and 2nd order, Landau theory, critical phenomena

Non-equlibrium processes in condensed matter
Markov process, master equation, linear response, fluctuation-dissipation theorem.

 

II. Advanced part of the subject:

Structure and microstructure of condensed systems
Point and translational symmetry
, reciprocal space, bonds, real structure of materials and methods of its determination – X-ray and neutron scattering, electron microscopy, AFM, acoustic methods, NMR, PAC, Mössbauer spectroscopy, positron annihilation, mSR.

PhononsLattice vibrations, thermal properties of crystals, Debye and Einstein model, specific heat, thermal expansion – experimental methods of measurements of the quantities, infrared and
Raman spectroscopy.

Electronic and atomic structure and interactions in condensed systems
Electrons in solid state: free electrons, band structure, density of states, Fermi energy and Fermi surfaces, metals and semiconductors, methods of calculating and measuring electronic states – PES, LEED, Auger etc.). Spin hamiltonian, hyperfine interactions.

Metals and semiconductors
Band structure, transport properties, electron-phonon interactions, quasiparticles, scattering mechanisms. Surfaces and interfaces, p-n transitions. Mechanical properties of metals, elasticity and plasticity.

Dielecrics and ferroelectrics
Dielecrical fuction, Clausius-Mossotti equation, electron and ion polarization-frequency dependence, oscillator strength, classification of ferroelectrics, soft mode, experimental methods of measurements of permitivity and structural phase transitions.

Magnetism
Magnetic moments and interactions; magnetic properties of materials. Origin and character of magnetic ordering. Magnetism of low-dimensional systems. Nuclear magnetism. Experimental methods of studies of magnetic properties: macroscopic and microscopic methods, direct and indirect methods.

Physics of condensed systems at low temperatures, superconductivity, superfluidity

 

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B. Barbara, D. Gignoux, C. Vettier:  Lectures on Modern Magnetism. Springer–Verlag, Berlin 1988.

E. W. Cahn, E. Lifshin:  Concise Encyclopedia of Materials Characterization. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1993.

H. Ibach, H. Luth:  Solid–State Physics. Springer–Verlag, Berlin 1991.

C. Kittel:  Introduction to Solid State Physics, vydání po roce 2003.

P. Kratochvíl, P. Lukáč, B. Sprušil:  Úvod do fyziky kovů I. SNTL, Praha 1984.

R. Kužel, M. Saxlová, J. Šternberk: Úvod do fyziky kovů II. SNTL, Praha 1985.

S. Šafrata a kol.:  Fyzika nízkých teplot. Matfyzpress, Praha 1998.

V. Valvoda, M. Polcarová, P. Lukáč:  Základy strukturní analýzy. Karolinum, Praha 1992.

J. M. Ziman:  Principles of the Theory of Solids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1965.

K. H. J. Buschow, R. W. Cahn, M. C. Flemings, B. Ilschner, E. J. Kramer, S. Mahajan:  The Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology. Pergamon Press, Oxford 2001.